Screening for plagiarism

To avoid Plagiarism, every submitted manuscript will be screened by Grammarly and Turnitin.

Plagiarism includes:

• Word for word plagiarism: borrowing another author’s language word-for-word but not putting the language in quotation marks nor citing it correctly.
• Source plagiarism: using the idea of others without giving enough recognition or mentioning the source explicitly.
• Plagiarism of authorship: presenting another author's work as one’s own.
• Self-plagiarism: authors publishing one article in more than one journal by recycling papers. The important thing in self-plagiarism is that when citing one's own work, the new article produced must have significant changes. This means that the article is a small part of the new articles produced. So readers will get new things, which the author pours over new articles from old articles.

To maintain academic integrity, it is imperative that manuscripts undergo thorough scrutiny to ensure originality and avoid plagiarism. Therefore, the similarity index of a manuscript should not exceed 20%, excluding references, as determined by plagiarism detection software e.g., turnitin. This benchmark ensures that scholarly work reflects the author's own contributions and does not unduly replicate or rely on existing sources without proper attribution.